Abbreviations ER endoplasmic reticulum PDH pyruvate dehydrogenase TCA tricarboxylic acid CPT1 carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 TMAO trimethylamine N-oxide OCTN2 organic cation transporter novel 2 BBB blood-brain barrier PCD primary carnitine deficiency FAO fatty acid oxidation CPT2 carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 CAT carnitine acetyltransferase INF- interferon TNF- tumor necrosis factor- IDH1 isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 ROS reactive oxygen species PPAR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPAR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor GBM glioblastoma ER+ estrogen receptor positive CRC colorectal cancer OCT organic cation transporter IngMeb ingenol mebutate
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1094435 Received 10 November 2022 Accepted 28 March 2023 Published 05 April 2023 Volume 14 - 2023 Edited by Giada Crescioli, University of Florence, Italy Reviewed by Rolando Garcia-Milian, Yale University, United States Updates Copyright 2023 Wu, Lu and Yan
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